Sains Malaysiana 52(7)(2023): 1999-2007

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-09

Potential of Bacillus spp. Isolated from Food Waste Compost for Controlling Rice Diseases

(Potensi Bacillus spp. yang Dipencilkan daripada Kompos Sisa Makanan untuk Mengawal Penyakit Beras)

USMANA MEEHAE¹, AUNKAMOL KUMNGEN¹, WILAIWAN CHOTIGEAT¹, SUDARAT SUWANNARAT¹, SUJUNYA ANUCHAN¹, SUKHUMAN WHANKAEW², SIWAPONG LEUNRAM³, SEPPO KARRILA⁴ & JUTARUT IEWKITTAYAKORN¹*

¹Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand

²Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Technology and Community Development,

Thaksin University, Phatthalung, 93210, Thailand

³BIOAXEL Co., Ltd. 6/9 Moo 3 Bophut Chaweng Beach Road, Koh Sa-mui, Surat Thani 84320, Thailand

⁴Faculty of Science and Industrial Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani Campus, Surat Thani 84000, Thailand

Received: 10 March 2023/Accepted: 8 July 2023

Abstract

Bacterial leaf blight, bakanae and blast are severe, economically damaging rice diseases caused by Xanthomonas oryzae, Fusarium fujikuroi, and Magnaporthe oryzae, respectively. Bacillus spp. have been applied as bioactive, eco-friendly agents to control these diseases. In this study, five antagonistic strains isolated from food waste compost, namely B. subtilis strain BS, B. amyloliquefacien strain C2-1, B. tequilensis strain 1-BA, B. licheniformis strain 2-BA, and Lysinibacillus. sp strain 3-BA were tested for their efficacy againstrice diseases. The inhibition of X. oryzae was tested by paper disc diffusion, while the inhibitions of F. fujikuroi and M. oryzae were tested in dual cultures. It was found that B. amyloliquefacien strain C2-1 gave the widest clear zones. At 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 7 days, the strain had produced zones of inhibition against X. oryzaeof 7.41±0.65, 7.9±0.20, 8.8±0.65 and 8.90±0.12 mm, respectively. B. amyloliquefacien strain C2-1 also reduced the growth of the fungal rice pathogens F. fujikuroi and M. oryzae, achieving 98.79% and 97.74% inhibitions, respectively. B. amyloliquefaciens strain C2-1 was also effective against X. oryzae, F. fujikuroi, and M. oryzae in the greenhouse. Fourteen days after spraying rice plants with the B. amyloliquefacien strain C2-1, infections with X. oryzae, F. fujikuroi, and M. oryzae were inhibited by 60%, 37%, and 25%, respectively. The results suggested that B. amyloliquefacien strain C2-1 can be used as a biocontrol agent against bacterial leaf blight, bakanae, and rice blast diseases.

Keywords:  Bacillus amyloliquefacien; food waste; Fusarium fujikuroi; Magnaporthe oryzae; Xanthomonas oryzae

Abstrak

Hawar daun bakteria, bakanae dan letupan adalah penyakit padi yang teruk dan merosakkan ekonomi yang disebabkan masing-masing oleh Xanthomonas oryzae, Fusarium fujikuroidan Magnaporthe oryzae. Bacillus spp. telah digunakan sebagai agen bioaktif, mesra alam untuk mengawal penyakit ini. Dalam kajian ini, lima strain antagonis diasingkan daripada kompos sisa makanan iaitu strain BS B. subtilis, strain C2-1 B. amyloliquefacien, strain 1-BA B. tequilensis, strain 2-BA B. licheniformis dan strain 3-BA Lysinibacillus sp. telah diuji keberkesanannya terhadap penyakit padi. Perencatan X. oryzae telah diuji dengan resapan cakera kertas, manakala perencatan F. fujikuroi dan M. oryzae diuji dalam dua kultur. Didapati bahawa strain C2-1 B. amyloliquefacien memberikan zon jelas terluas. Pada 24 jam, 48 jam, 72 jam dan 7 hari, strain tersebut telah menghasilkan zon perencatan terhadap X. oryzae masing-masing 7.41±0.65, 7.9±0.20, 8.8±0.65 dan 8.90±0.12 mm. Strain C2-1 B. amyloliquefacien juga mengurangkan pertumbuhan patogen beras kulat F. fujikuroi dan M. oryzae, masing-masing mencapai 98.79% dan 97.74% perencatan. Strain C2-1 B. amyloliquefaciens juga berkesan terhadap X. oryzae, F. fujikuroidan M. oryzae dalam rumah hijau. Empat belas hari selepas pokok padi disembur dengan strain C2-1 B. amyloliquefacien, jangkitan dengan X. oryzae, F. fujikuroidan M. oryzae masing-masing direncat sebanyak 60%, 37% dan 25%. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa strain C2-1 B. amyloliquefacien boleh digunakan sebagai agen biokawalan terhadap penyakit hawar daun bakteria, bakanae dan letupan padi.

Kata kunci: Bacillus amyloliquefacien; Fusarium fujikuroi; Magnaporthe oryzae; sisa makanan; Xanthomonas oryzae

REFERENCES

Araya, B., Sutaphan, S., Pongpraser, W. & Kertsuk, K. 2021. Potential of Bacillus spp. isolated from paddy soil for controlling brown spot disease, Bipolaris spp., in rice. Life Sciences and Environment Journal 22(2): 137-147. https://doi.org/10.14456/lsej.2021.5

Balouiri, M., Sadiki, M. & Ibnsouda, S.K. 2016. Methods for in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: A review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 6(2): 71-79.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2015.11.005

Bin Rahman, A.R. & Zhang, J. 2023. Trends in rice research: 2030 and beyond. Food and Energy Security 12(2): e390. https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.390

Boonrayong, M., Somsirikul, P., Klodpeng, N. & Orawan Piyaboona. 2023. Bioactive     potential of Myrothecium inundatum against microbial plant pathogens and free-    floating aquatic weeds. Ramkhamhaeng International Journal of Science and Technology 6(1): 22-29.

Cho, A.T. & Kasem, S. 2018. Modified growth media of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens S20A1 and biocontrol of bacterial leaf blight of rice. Thai Journal Agriculture Science 51(4): 195-204.

Dhitikiattipong, R., Khemmuk, W., Rattanakarn, W. & Boonmee, N. 2011. Effectiveness of antagonistic bacteria and some plant extract to control seed discoloration of rice. In Proc. Rice Research Center Groups in Upper and Lower Northern Region, Thailand (In Thai). pp. 242-247.

Eseola, A.B., Ryder, L.S., Osés-Ruiz, M., Findlay, K., Yan, X., Cruz-Mireles, N., Molinari, C., Garduno-Rosales, M. & Talbot, N.J. 2021. Investigating the cell and developmental biology of plant infection by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Fungal Genetics and Biology 154: 103562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2021.103562

He, Y., Zhu, M., Huang, J., Hsiang, T. & Zheng, L. 2019. Biocontrol potential of a Bacillus subtilis strain BJ-1 against the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 41(1): 47-59. https://doi.org/10.1080/07060661.2018.1564792

Ji, S.H., Paul, N.C., Deng, J.X., Kim, Y.S., Yun, B.S. & Yu, S.H. 2013. Biocontrol activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CNU114001 against fungal plant diseases. Mycobiology 41(4): 234-242. https://doi.org/10.5941/MYCO.2013.41.4.234

Kanjanamaneesathian, K., Wiwattanapatapee, R., Pengnoo, A., Oungbho, K. & Chumthong, A. 2007. Efficacy of novel formulations of Bacillus megateriumin suppressing        sheath blight of rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Plant Pathology Journal 6(2): 195-     201.https://doi.org/10.3923/ppj.2007.195.201

Kauffman, H.E. 1973. An improved technique for evaluating resistance to rice varieties of Xanthomonas oryzaepv. oryzae. Plant Disease Reporter 57: 537-541. https://doi.org/10.21769/BioProtoc.2568

Khabbaz, S.E. & Abbasi, P.A. 2014. Isolation, characterization, and formulation of antagonistic bacteria for the management of seedlings damping−off and root rot disease of cucumber. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 60(1): 25-33. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2013-0675

Khan, A.R., Mustafa, A., Hyder, S., Valipour, M., Rizvi, Z.F., Gondal, A.S., Yousuf, Z., Iqbal, R. & Daraz, U. 2022. Bacillus spp. as bioagents: Uses and application for sustainable agriculture. Biology 11(12): 1763. https://doi.org/doi: 10.3390/biology11121763

Kumar, K.V.K., Reddy, M.S., Kloepper, J.W., Lawrence, K.K., Groth, D.E., Miller, M.E. & Du, B. 2009. In-vitro efficacy of various rhizobacterial isolates against Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agent of rice sheath blight disease. Agriculture. India: Scientific Publishers.

Lehtopolku, M., Kotilainen, P., Puukku, P., Nakari, U.M., Siitonen, A., Eerola, E., Huovinen, P. & Hakanen, A.J. 2012. Inaccuracy of the disk diffusion method compared with the agar dilution method for susceptibility testing of Campylobacter spp. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 50(1): 52-56. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01090-11

Massawe, V.C., Hanif, A., Farzand, A., Mburu, D.K., Ochola, S.O., Wu, L., Hafiz, A.S.T., Gu, Q., Wu, H. & Gao, X. 2018. Volatile compounds of Endophytic Bacillus spp. have biocontrol activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Phytopathology 108: 1373-1385 https://doi.org/10.1094/ PHYTO-04-18-0118-R

Muthayya, S., Sugimoto, J.D., Montgomery, S. & Maberly, G.F. 2014. An overview of global rice production, supply, trade, and consumption. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1324(1): 7-14. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12540

Naqvi, S.A.H. 2019. Bacterial leaf blight of rice: An overview of epidemiology and management with special reference to Indian sub-continent. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research 32(2): 359.

Park, D.S., Sayler, R.J., Hong, Y.G., Nam, M.H. & Yang, Y. 2008. A method for inoculation and evaluation of rice sheath blight disease. Plant Disease 92(1): 25-29. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-92-1-0025hjuiuhjygfvcd

Pengnoo, A., Kusonwiriyawong, C., Nilratana, L. & Kanjanamaneesathian, M. 2000. Greenhouse and field trials of the bacterial antagonists in pellet formulations to      suppress sheath blight of rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Bio Control 45(2): 245-       256. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009948404423

Saito, H., Sasaki, M., Nonaka, Y., Tanaka, J., Tokunaga, T., Kato, A., Thu Thuy, T.T., Le Van Vang, V.V., Le Minh Tuong, M.T., Kanematsu, S., Suzuki, T., Kurauchi, K., Fujita, N., Teraoka, T., Komatsu, K. & Arie, T. 2021. Spray application of nonpathogenic fusaria onto rice flowers controls bakanae disease (caused by Fusarium fujikuroi) in the next plant generation. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 87(2): e01959-20. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01959-20

Shabanamol, S., Thampi, M., Sajana, P., Varghese, S., Karthika, S., George, T.K. & Jisha, M.S. 2021. Characterization of the major antifungal extrolite from rice endophyte Lysinibacillus sphaericus against Rhizoctonia solani. Archives of Microbiology 203(5): 2605-2613. https://doi.org/doi: 10.1007/s00203-021-02229-2

Sungtong, S., Pengnoo, A. & Boonyapipat, P. 2021. Efficacy of Bacillus spp. in controlling soilborne pathogen Rigidoporus microporusunder control conditions. Songklanakarin Journal of Plant Science 8(1): 34-43 (in Thai).

Thakur, R.P., Sharma, R., Rai, K.N., Gupta, S.K. & Rao, V.P. 2009. Screening techniques and resistance sources for foliar blast in pearl millet. Journal of SAT Agriculture Research 7: 1-5.

Wu, L., Wu, H., Chen, L., Yu, X.F., Borriss, R. & Gao, X. 2015. Difficidin and bacilysin from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 have antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas oryzae rice pathogens. Scientific Reports 5:12975. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep12975

Yusiana, E., Hakim, D.B., Syaukat, Y. & Novianti, T. 2022. Analysis of factors influencing Thai rice trade based on Gravity model. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 951(1): 012039. IOP Publishing.

Yenjit, P., Pengphol, S. & Intana, W. 2020. Efficacy of biological product of Bacillus subtillis NS–03 to control narrow brown spot of rice caused by Cercospora oryzae. Agiculture Science Journal 51(1): 11-21.

*Corresponding author; email: jutarut.p@psu.ac.th